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EFFECTIVE TECHNICAL WRITING IN THE INFORMATION AGE
EFFECTIVE TECHNICAL WRITING IN THE INFORMATION AGE
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Technical Reports
Particularly for those of you in engineering fields, you might find the reading of journal articles none too stimulating (other than the occasional exciting references to hot presses, cool gels, quickened pulses, or body melds). Nevertheless, at their best, the journal articles you must read are certainly important and carefully crafted. The rigid-seeming format and objective style of scientific reports lend them a universal utility so that readers from various disciplines can readily access and use the complex information. Your professors will confirm that busy scientists (who can actually sometimes be characterized as "reader-hostile") rarely read these reports linearly—many readers cut right to "Results and Discussion" or look over the tables and figures before reading anything, then jump around to those bits of the report that are most relevant to their particular needs. Often, their goals are to rapidly exclude information they do not want (or do not trust).
In light of the above realities, it is especially important for you to write reports in a fashion acceptable to a journal in your field. As you prepare technical reports for your classes, you have built-in slots in which to put your information, and you plug in to a tried and proven recipe that has evolved over many years. Understanding this recipe and conforming to it will help you to organize your complex information as well as meet your reader’s specific and sophisticated needs.
Self-Study
Two excellent online resource for writing technical reports reside at:
"Stages of Report Preparation" article from technocritical.com
"Writing a Technical Paper" article from a University of Washington professor
Mechanics
Of course, reports should always be typed, double-spaced on 8-1/2 x 11 paper on one side of the page only, and letter-quality print or better is expected. Unless you are instructed otherwise, it is usually standard to include a cover sheet giving the date, your name, the title of the report, the course, and the professor’s name. Tables and figures should be numbered consecutively throughout the text, and, in a thesis or long report, separate lists of tables and figures are normally included at the beginning. Tables and figures should always have descriptive captions, and if they come directly from sources then the sources must be properly credited in the captions. Never present tables and figures without some useful interpretation of them in the text.
Title
It is always necessary to have a highly concrete title consisting only of words that contribute directly to the report subject. Be sure that the title contains no filler and includes few abbreviations or acronyms, yet also be certain that it is complete. "Sol Gel Method" is clearly incomplete compared to "The Synthesis of NZP by the Sol Gel Method." Of course, it is possible to overdo specificity as well: "The Role of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells in the Important Scientific Search For Energy Alternatives as Necessitated by the Recent Middle East Crisis and America’s Energy Consumption" is painfully excessive and should be reduced to its essential elements.
Abstract
Most reports require an abstract—a condensed summary of the report’s contents. In a journal article, more people will read the abstract than any other part of the paper, so its succinctness and accuracy are vital. The abstract is always self-contained, and is sometimes presented as a separate page. The best abstracts do these things, usually in this order:
• summarize the specific nature of the investigation;
• identify the rationale behind the investigation;
• present the important findings and most significant overall data;
• briefly interpret the pertinent findings.
By necessity, abstracts are often written last, and a good rule of thumb is that the abstract is less than 5 percent of the paper’s total length. In a thesis, an abstract should fit on one page if possible. Passive voice and past tense verbs are usually appropriate for the purposes of summary, although many journals now print abstracts in the present tense with active voice.
What follows is a short excerpt from the opening of an abstract. Note how the first sentence summarizes the nature of the investigation, while the second identifies the rationale:
This study determines the locus of rifting at the southern end of the Eastern Branch of the East African Rift System within northern Tanzania. Here, the Eastern Branch diverges into a 300-km-wide area of block faulting, and consequently it is uncertain whether the rifting extends seawards across the Tanzania continental shelf or directly southwards into central Tanzania. In this study, the locus of rifting is investigated by . . .
Introduction
The introduction should offer immediate context for the reader by establishing why the problem being studied is important and by describing the nature and scope of the problem. You should describe your specific approach to the problem and establish how your investigative work meshes with the needs of the field or with other work that has been done. The so called "funnel system" of organization—moving from a broad approach to a gradually narrowed scope—is highly recommended here. Present tense is also highly favored, especially as you present accepted scientific truths and the objectives of the report. Introductions range from one to several pages in length, and must always include a clearly worded account of the report’s objective, usually at the end of the introduction (Some writers even include a short separate subsection labeled "Objective"). Most journals allow "we" or "our" to be used in the introduction, especially as you outline your objectives or summarize the common goals of researchers.
Here is an ideal opening sentence from a report introduction. Note how it launches the reader directly into the science:
To produce highly reliable metal-ceramic joints, we must fully understand the joining mechanisms. Therefore, today’s ceramic scientists aim to . . .
Literature Review
When articles appear in journals, the most noteworthy literature will usually be reviewed only briefly in the introduction or as it becomes relevant. In technical reports and theses for your classes, however, an entire section of your paper may well be devoted to a literature review. Literature reviews range from exhaustive searches to summaries of only the most germane articles, but the fundamental objective is always the same: to establish the history of the problem being investigated by summarizing the WHAT, HOW, and WHY of the work that has already been done. Writing a literature review requires you to establish relationships among findings from other researchers and to condense many pages of published material into shorter segments. Therefore, your ability to assimilate material and, in effect, tell your own story, becomes critical.
Stylistically, literature reviews are often written in the past tense, but many authors favor the present tense when the research being summarized was completed recently. Passive voice may seem tempting to use, but active voice will serve you well here, because you can smoothly place the names of authors into the subject slot of the sentence:
Yoldas and Lloyd (1999) propose a chemical polymerization technique for the preparation of NASICON gels.
Experimental / Methods / Procedures
Any of the above titles will usually do for this section. The goal is to summarize the WHAT, HOW, and WHY behind your specific experiment, with particular emphasis on the WHAT and HOW so that other researchers can repeat your procedures if they so desire. As necessary, this section includes a description of the relevant apparatus and materials used, and photographs and diagrams could be used, sparingly, to help clarify the procedures.
Stylistically, passive voice and past tense verbs are essential in this section, but be sure that your sentences are written efficiently and contain simple subjects and verbs when possible. The basic form of directly saying "what was done; why it was done that way" should be used over and over in the "Experimental" section.
Here is an ideal sentence from the "Experimental" section of an engineering report:
After the dispersion thickened it was poured into molds coated with Vaseline to prevent sticking.
Finally, subsections, perhaps numbered, are often used to aid in the organization of the material. For example:
2.0 EXPERIMENTAL
2.1 Apparatus
2.1.1 Heat treatment furnace
2.1.2 Tensile testing device
2.2 Materials
Results
For most readers, this is the most important section of the report—your readers must easily find your results in order to interpret them. Here you straightforwardly present the results of your experiment, usually with minimal discussion. Naturally, the use of tables, graphs, and figures is especially enlightening here, as are explanations of how data were derived:
The conductivities of the top and bottom values for each measurement were averaged and the results are listed in Table 3.
Take care not to include your experimental methods here—that is the job of the previous section.
Discussion
Often this section is combined with "Results" into one "Results and Discussion" section; this allows you to interpret your results as you summarize them. Logical deductions must be made, errors of or ambiguities in the data should be discussed, and even simple causal relationships must be confirmed. It is important here not to rely on a table or figure to do the work for you—you must outrightly and concisely interpret. Beware of making sweeping generalizations or unfounded statements. Again, passive voice may seem tempting here, but active voice can be highly valuable, especially as you make a logical assertion:
Obviously, the formation of the protective layer prevented rapid oxidation.
As a rule, use past tense to summarize your actual results; use present tense to present established facts or present your interpretations ("The helium sintering data show . . .").
Finally, consider referring back to the key literature of your introduction or literature review in this section. Enlighten your readers (and perhaps even elevate your work) by discussing your results in relation to the published results of others.
Conclusions
In "Discussion" you supplied your reasoning; now you present the exact conclusions you have arrived at as they relate to your experimental objectives. Conclusions may be listed and numbered, and it should be made clear how they contribute to the understanding of the overall problem. In a sense, you are going back to the big picture provided by your introduction now, incorporating your conclusions into that picture, even suggesting where more work is needed. This section may be short—often about the same length as the abstract.
The following is an excerpt from the "Conclusions" section of a report:
These results confirm the hypothesis posed in the Introduction: that the shock sensitivity of this explosive is probably not due to the weakening of the phenyl ring by the substituents. It is possible, however, that mechanical properties such as the coefficient of friction, uniaxial yield stress, and hardness greatly influence the explosive’s shock sensitivity. Further work is needed in this area to determine . . .
Acknowledgments
If appropriate, briefly recognize any individual or institution that contributed directly to the completion of the research through financial support, technical assistance, or critique. In a thesis, this section may appear just before the introduction.
References
List cited sources on a References page using the Author–Year or Number system (see Chapter 5 of this handbook).
Appendices
If necessary, use an "Appendices" section to present supplementary material that was not included in the main body of the report because it would have detracted from the efficient or logical presentation of the text, usually either by sheer bulk or level of relevance. A typical appendix would be a list of organizations relevant to the material of the report, or a list of symbols used in the text, or the derivation of an equation that was used in the text but could not be referenced because it did not originally appear in a standard text. As with figures and tables, appendices should be numbered or lettered in sequence; i.e., "Appendix A, Appendix B," and so on.
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Effective Technical Writing in the Information Age
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Front Matter
• Welcome to Style for Students Online
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
Table of Contents
• Chapter 1. Improving Your Style
• Chapter 2. Punctuation, Mechanics, Capitalization, and Spelling
• Chapter 3. Commonly Misused Terms and Phrases
• Chapter 4. Equations, Figures, and Tables
• Chapter 5. Using Sources
Syllabus Technical Writing and Presentation Skills
Syllabus
Technical Writing
and Presentation Skills
Presentation skills
Essay writing
Descriptive, narrative, discursive, argumentative
Academic writing
How to write a proposal for research paper/ term paper
How to write a research paper/term paper (emphasis on style,
content, language, form, clarity, consistency)
Technical Report writing
Progress Report writing
World's simplest progress report template
·
People often ask us:
can you provide us with a progress report template? What's the most simple progress report sample we could
start using in our team or for me to report to my team leader?
Progress reporting
sometimes seems like something complicated. It's not. A good progress report to
be submitted to a manager is short and concise. It has few sections, takes just
a few minutes to fill and minutes to read.
So here we go. Here is
the world's simplest progress report template. There are just 3 simple
sections:
1.
Plans
2.
Progress
3.
Problems
That's it. Nothing
more, nothing less. Just 3 simple words to categorize your weekly employee
progress report.
It's called PPP. It's the
best practice progress report template used for years at companies like eBay,
Skype and leading startup accelerators like Seedcamp. They use it across their teams for employees to keep their managers
up to date and co-workers informed. You can implement it in
minutes.
Let's look at the
three categories more in detail. What are the best practices to fill in the
progress report?
Progress.
What did you get done,
that's important? What was accomplished by you? What made you proud and happy?
Keep the list short, if possible, just 5-7 items, not more. That's one big
thing you'll mark done per day.
Plans.
What are you planning
to get done next week? What are your big hairy goals? What will make you proud
at the end of the week, if and when you get it done? Again, don't
list small unimportant details. 5-7 items is just enough. You can also add some
insights and lessons learned for your leader and co-workers.
Problems.
Any challenges or
negatives? Is something stuck? Do you need help from the manager or other team
members. Share your concerns openly.
If you're looking for
an online and mobile tool for progress reporting, try out Weekdone.
It's free for small teams and gives you immediate access and automation to
progress reporting.
You can learn much
more about progress reporting in Weekdone Academy,
where we've compiled progress report examples, templates and best practices.
Lesson Transcript
Lesson Transcript
Instructor: Natalie Boyd
Natalie is a teacher and holds an MA in English Education
and is in progress on her PhD in psychology.
Progress reports can
be important documents, both to communicate within an organization and to
communicate with clients and others outside an organization. Watch this lesson
to find out how to write a progress report.
Progress
Reports
Jonah has a big
project at work that's really stressing him out. He has to coordinate several
people who are all in charge of part of the project, and he has to make sure
that it's all done on time. And now, his boss has asked him for a progress
report. Jonah doesn't know what to put in the report or how to format it.
A progress report is a written record of what has been done and what
is left to do on a project. That is, it is a report of the progress that has
been made on the project, which is why it is aptly named a progress report.
Progress reports serve
several functions. They can reassure the recipients that progress is being made
(or inform them of delays in a project), like Jonah updating his boss on the
project at work. Progress reports can also be used to establish and formalize
duties of team members, tie down a work schedule for a project, and discuss
possible problems in the project or its timeline.
To help Jonah write
his progress report, let's look at the common formats of a progress report and
the content, or what he should include in the report.
Types of
Formats
Jonah knows he needs
to write a progress report for his boss, but he's not sure how it should look.
Does he need to put it in a binder with a cover? Should he put it on company
letterhead? Or should he just jot some notes down in an email?
Progress reports can
come in many different forms, but there are three primary formats that most
people use for their progress reports:
- Memo: Often, a short memo is all that is needed for a
progress report that is shared within an organization. For example,
Jonah's progress report is going to his boss, and he'll also give copies
to all the project members. Since all of them work at the same company, he
might choose to write the progress report as a memo.
- Letter or email: Sometimes, instead of a memo, people choose to write
progress reports as letters or, more commonly today, emails. Like memos,
these types of progress reports are generally short. However, unlike
memos, letters and emails are reports that can be shared either within or
outside of an organization. So if, for example, Jonah needed to share the
progress report both with his boss and with his company's client, he might
choose a letter or email.
- Formal report: Both memos and emails are pretty informal. But the
third common format is a formal report. This is a longer document, and it
is often bound in a binder or presentation folder. Formal reports are
usually used for progress reports that are shared outside of an
organization. For example, if Jonah were writing a progress report for the
client, he might choose to share in a formal report.
Since Jonah's progress
report is going out to his boss and coworkers, he probably won't want to format
it as a formal report. He could present it as a memo or letter, but Jonah
thinks that email is a good format for it. It's convenient, and everyone can
have an electronic copy saved.
Content
Jonah's happy that
he's chosen the format for his progress report, but he still feels overwhelmed.
What information should he include in the report? As with format, progress
reports vary slightly in what information is included.
However, a good,
general structure for a report includes five elements:
1. Introduction
In the introduction, Jonah will want to include a summary of the project and the project goals. If he were writing a formal report for his client, he might go into some detail here, but since it's an internal report, and he feels confident that everyone understands the project and goals, he will probably make this summary brief, perhaps even just a couple of sentences.
In the introduction, Jonah will want to include a summary of the project and the project goals. If he were writing a formal report for his client, he might go into some detail here, but since it's an internal report, and he feels confident that everyone understands the project and goals, he will probably make this summary brief, perhaps even just a couple of sentences.
2. Work Completed
The 'progress' in 'progress report' is what work has been completed. That is, what progress has been made so far on the project. Jonah will want to include all the team's accomplishments so far, to show how much progress they've made. He'll want to make the list specific. For example, he might point out that the color scheme and basic design of the website portion of the project have both been completed.
The 'progress' in 'progress report' is what work has been completed. That is, what progress has been made so far on the project. Jonah will want to include all the team's accomplishments so far, to show how much progress they've made. He'll want to make the list specific. For example, he might point out that the color scheme and basic design of the website portion of the project have both been completed.
3. Work in Progress:
n addition, Jonah will want to demonstrate that everyone is still working hard on the project. He'll want to include a list of work items that have been started but not yet finished. For example, he can list the actual coding of the website as something that the programmers are working on now but haven't finished. For work in progress, Jonah will want to include approximate dates by which the work will be finished.
n addition, Jonah will want to demonstrate that everyone is still working hard on the project. He'll want to include a list of work items that have been started but not yet finished. For example, he can list the actual coding of the website as something that the programmers are working on now but haven't finished. For work in progress, Jonah will want to include approximate dates by which the work will be finished.
4- Problems Encountered
Any challenges or negatives? Is something
stuck? Do you need help from the manager or other team members. Share your
concerns openly.
5- Conclusion
The
conclusion summarizes the work accomplished and recommends ways for the
instructor to help further with the project.
Notes Prepared by
Ahmer Javed Rana
Chief Executive
The New
Nation Academy & English language club
Chief Executive
TRIGON ACADEMY OF ENGLISH &
MATHEMATICS
Mobile : 0334-8028081
0348-4581501
Email: ahmerjavedrana@gmail.com
Sample Progress Report
Sample Progress Report
DATE: April 10, 2001
TO: Jim McWard, Instructor
FROM: Joan Beckett
SUBJECT: PROGRESS REPORT FOR STUDENT WEB SITE
INTRODUCTION
I decided to create a web site for people interested in European travel. This Web site will
increase consumer awareness of the company and provide travelers with valuable information on
several European countries. Objectives of the web site include:
1. Increasing awareness of travel opportunities in Europe
2. Providing links to low cost airfares and hotels.
3. Providing a page of news related to European current events and issues.
DISCUSSION
Work Accomplished
In the last two weeks I have accomplished the following:
1. Project Planning: I have created a navigation tree that organizes all the pages for the
entire web site. The project management plan of mine also details the amount of time it
is expected to take me to develop each part of the web site.
2. Requirements Gathering: To better help me determine what users would expect from a
web site focused on European travel, I created a survey form that members in the
technical writing class completed. The results of the survey have given me a clearer idea
as to the perceptions a lay reader has toward Europe. Because of this survey, I have had
to modify the material on the web site significantly. I now have more space devoted to
geographical and political information for European countries.
3. Design: I have compiled most of the drawings and photographs that I hope to use on the
web pages. I have also created a company logo that will be featured on each page.
Work Remaining
To complete the web site project I need to complete the following:
1. Page construction: I have completed rough drafts of four of the pages on my web site,
but I have to revise those and still create three more pages.
2. Testing: Once the first version of my web site is completely finished, I will have
members in the technical writing class test it for usability. On the basis of their
recommendations, I will revise the site further.
3. Submission: When I have completed my final revision after the usability test, I will
submit my web project for evaluation. I plan to upload it to the network by the due date
and to print out hard copies for you as well.
The project schedule shown below indicates project deadlines and milestones for each of the
above-mentioned phases. It clearly separates the work accomplished from the work remaining.
Project Phases
Planning °
Requirements ° ° °
Graphics ° ° °
Rough screens ° °
Writing ° ° °
Page Creation ° ° ° ° ° ° ° °
Testing ° ° ° °
Revision ° ° °
Submission
° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° °
15 20 25 30 5 10 15 20 25 30 5 10 15 20 25 30 5 10 15 20 25 30
March April May June
° °
Work Accomplished Work Remaining
Problems Encountered
The most significant problem encountered was the loss of several graphic files when the
computer network crashed on April 2, 2001. The survey I conducted also showed me that I did
not have a clear concept of audience, so I needed to revise my original plans for my web site.
CONCLUSION/RECOMMENDATION
My web site project is approximately 30% complete. I expect to have it done by the due date if
the computer network does not pose further problems.
I appreciate the amount of class time we have been given for working on our web projects. I
hope that this continues. When my first draft is completed next week, I look forward to
receiving your comments on how I can make my web site better.
Annotation: This student writes her progress report to inform her instructor on her web site
construction progress. The introduction summarizes the project clearly and identifies the goals
of the web site. The discussion section describes the work accomplished, the work remaining,
and the problems encountered. The conclusion summarizes the work accomplished and
recommends ways for the instructor to help further with the project. Throughout the progress
report, the student makes use of highlighting techniques such as numbered lists, subheadings and
graphic, making the report more accessible to readers.
DATE: April 10, 2001
TO: Jim McWard, Instructor
FROM: Joan Beckett
SUBJECT: PROGRESS REPORT FOR STUDENT WEB SITE
INTRODUCTION
I decided to create a web site for people interested in European travel. This Web site will
increase consumer awareness of the company and provide travelers with valuable information on
several European countries. Objectives of the web site include:
1. Increasing awareness of travel opportunities in Europe
2. Providing links to low cost airfares and hotels.
3. Providing a page of news related to European current events and issues.
DISCUSSION
Work Accomplished
In the last two weeks I have accomplished the following:
1. Project Planning: I have created a navigation tree that organizes all the pages for the
entire web site. The project management plan of mine also details the amount of time it
is expected to take me to develop each part of the web site.
2. Requirements Gathering: To better help me determine what users would expect from a
web site focused on European travel, I created a survey form that members in the
technical writing class completed. The results of the survey have given me a clearer idea
as to the perceptions a lay reader has toward Europe. Because of this survey, I have had
to modify the material on the web site significantly. I now have more space devoted to
geographical and political information for European countries.
3. Design: I have compiled most of the drawings and photographs that I hope to use on the
web pages. I have also created a company logo that will be featured on each page.
Work Remaining
To complete the web site project I need to complete the following:
1. Page construction: I have completed rough drafts of four of the pages on my web site,
but I have to revise those and still create three more pages.
2. Testing: Once the first version of my web site is completely finished, I will have
members in the technical writing class test it for usability. On the basis of their
recommendations, I will revise the site further.
3. Submission: When I have completed my final revision after the usability test, I will
submit my web project for evaluation. I plan to upload it to the network by the due date
and to print out hard copies for you as well.
The project schedule shown below indicates project deadlines and milestones for each of the
above-mentioned phases. It clearly separates the work accomplished from the work remaining.
Project Phases
Planning °
Requirements ° ° °
Graphics ° ° °
Rough screens ° °
Writing ° ° °
Page Creation ° ° ° ° ° ° ° °
Testing ° ° ° °
Revision ° ° °
Submission
° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° °
15 20 25 30 5 10 15 20 25 30 5 10 15 20 25 30 5 10 15 20 25 30
March April May June
° °
Work Accomplished Work Remaining
Problems Encountered
The most significant problem encountered was the loss of several graphic files when the
computer network crashed on April 2, 2001. The survey I conducted also showed me that I did
not have a clear concept of audience, so I needed to revise my original plans for my web site.
CONCLUSION/RECOMMENDATION
My web site project is approximately 30% complete. I expect to have it done by the due date if
the computer network does not pose further problems.
I appreciate the amount of class time we have been given for working on our web projects. I
hope that this continues. When my first draft is completed next week, I look forward to
receiving your comments on how I can make my web site better.
Annotation: This student writes her progress report to inform her instructor on her web site
construction progress. The introduction summarizes the project clearly and identifies the goals
of the web site. The discussion section describes the work accomplished, the work remaining,
and the problems encountered. The conclusion summarizes the work accomplished and
recommends ways for the instructor to help further with the project. Throughout the progress
report, the student makes use of highlighting techniques such as numbered lists, subheadings and
graphic, making the report more accessible to readers.
Unemployment
Unemployment
Unemployment is a worldwide curse. It is recognized as the mother of courtliness ills. It encourages dishonesty, corruption and falsehood. It develops dark side of human character. There are different causes of unemployment like poverty, over population, in-effective education system and industrial development. Similarly there are various steps to check this giant problem. No doubt the government is fully aware of this problem but the quick remedies are needed to check this problem.
Poverty is the main cause of this evil. Broadly speaking it is difficult to expect truth, nobility and honesty from a person who cannot have two square meals a day. He loses sense of self-dignity as he has no sense of security. He is worried about his survival rather than morality. Therefore, poverty is a great danger to the state.
The rapid growth of population is another cause of unemployment. Along with the growing population this problem has also developed. It demand s a quick check. Unemployed people are always dangerous to the security of the state.
“It is better to employ people to dig holes and fill them rather than not to employ them at all”.
Our education system is also defective. It produces a large number of students who are taught purely literary of theoretical education. There is hardly any provision of technical or vocational education. This drawback makes the students dislike the manual work. Therefore, majority rushes to the cities and increases unemployment.
Lack of interest in industrialization is also a cause of unemployment. Industrial units provide employment to both educated and uneducated people. Therefore, we should encourage industrialization.
Our social system is another cause of unemployment. In our society many depend upon few. It has been observed that majority of family members are dependents. This trend has given rise to unemployment.
Unemployment has now become such a dangerous economic. Social and political problem that it has endangered the security of the country. The law and order situation in the country has also been affected. Therefore complete programme is required.
First step should be to revise the social system of our country. More skilled persons can be trained to help their families. This would be a good help to remove unemployment.
Our faulty education system requires a complete overhauling. We have to take full advantages from science and technology to cure this problem. All the people should be trained so that the cities should not be overcrowded because it results in unemployment.
Industrial development can also relieve us from the miseries of unemployment. There is no lack of manpower, cheap, labor, raw materials and mineral resources in our country, but the misfortune is that they are not scientifically used for the benefit of common people.
Essay On Unemployment In Pakistan Causes, Solution, The problem of unemployment on a vast scale, is a world phenomenon. It is not confined to Pakistan or developing countries along but certainly it is more serious and pronounced in developing and under developing countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America. Pakistan is the largest country in terms of population and manpower but because of the lack of proper opportunities for employment there is a huge waste of manpower. There are skilled, intelligent and trained hands but there is no suitable job for them. Unemployment causes frustration, indiscipline and crimes among people. Because of increasing unemployment there is appalling poverty, social evils and crimes. In Pakistan, the chronic problem of unemployment is widespread. There are thousands of men and women waiting for employment in cities and villages. There is huge unemployment among educated, trained and skilled people.
The two main and important reasons of this chronic and unmanageable unemployment problem are rapidly ever increasing population and defective education system. With such a huge population, Pakistan finds it difficult to make any significant success in the areas of employment, alleviation of poverty and backwardness. The parents spend huge sum of money on the education and training of their children. The students spare no efforts in successful completion of their courses and trainings and yet the jobs prove elusive because of our defective education system.
This is factual but sad commentary on our present education and training system and institutions. We need urgently a system of vocation education which is both competitive and make friendly. About 80 percent of educational institutions are under the government. Our schools and technical institutes do not equip the students properly to suit the market demands. The circular is outdated and sometimes even irrelevant. In this age of globalization, we need fundamental structural changes in our entire education system for improving the unemployment problem. In the final conclusion, education for its own sake it not desirable. It should be for employment and earning. As such, higher education in many cases is simply a waste valuable resource which a developing country like Pakistan can hardly afford. The indiscriminate expansion of education at college and higher levels should be discouraged. It is important that more attention should be given to elementary and secondary education. In short, we can say that the problem of unemployment in Pakistan can only be reduced if Pakistani government take proper measures.
Unemployment is one of the major crises in India which is affecting several people residing here especially to the youth generation. This major problem needs full attention of government along with citizens of country in equal manner so that we can prevent or end this issue completely from our country.
Many social issues have been raising head in our country in which unemployment is one of the major issues of concern among them. The person who is searching for a job according to his or her qualification and requirement but does not able to find it then he or she will come in category of unemployed person. Crisis of unemployment exists in India due to the increased population and less number of job vacancies, people are more and jobs are less in India. Several sectors have limited seats for hiring people like manufacturing plants and IT companies including government sectors too. Unemployment has been the biggest reason for other major issues in India like poverty, financial crises, increased crime and non development of society.
Now a day, in India unemployment is believed as biggest curse for youths, who are well educated and high degree holder but still could not get success in finding a suitable job for themselves. India is the underdeveloped country and trying to overcome various social issues existed here since many years, unemployment is one of them and is still becoming the reason for non development of nation.
Increased population, recession in individual business sector, less number of jobs, corruption and competition among youths are the main reason of unemployment. The inferiority feeling due to unemployment affects the person and his family completely by physical and mental level and forces them to take wrong decisions about themselves. Sometime, the financial crisis due to unemployment triggers victim people to commit suicide. Issue of unemployment affects especially those youth population of country who has completed their education from higher education colleges or institutes after spending a huge amount of money but could not be able to get a suitable job for them.
Though rate of unemployment has been decreased in recent years but still demands a special attention by government of India in manner to provide more jobs for deserving and aspiring people. Control in population, development of rural areas, and by promoting youths to make career in various non famous sectors including agricultural, we can get success in removing the problem of unemployment from our country.
Unemployment is the situation of those people who are willing to do a job but could not be able to get it according to their requirement and qualifications. Many people mostly youth population are facing this problem since many years in India as increased population stands the situation of competition all around. Mostly people are attracted towards the same profession which has limited availability of employment thus the situation of unemployment arise. Lack of interest of people towards agricultural and industrial sectors lead the situation of unemployment. People who are suffering from the crisis of unemployment have to face various problems like physical and mental harassment and depression, social abuse, forced to choose or accept the wrong way of getting money in form of crime and violence, or sometime the hazardous results come in the form of suicide commitment by people due to being unemployed.
Solutions can be find out for handling this major problem of unemployment in India by doing some kind of efforts through government and the responsible citizens of India. Development of education system should be in such manner that student would get practical and technical knowledge while pursuing the professional studies from any professional educational institutes along with the opportunity of college campus selection for getting good job opportunity. Industrial and agricultural sector should be promoted and modified by government in manner to attract people as a desiring working area.
Without doing some efforts, we cannot think of getting success in any field and this is proved in matter of the major issue of unemployment too. In spite of letting unemployment be the reason for down fall of the country, we should handle this issue in such manner that everyone gets a suitable job and helps in increasing the economy of country.
Unemployment, the major concern, which is becoming the biggest barrier in development of our country, needs a strict and proper attention by all sectors of India including government or non government organizations. Unemployment has been the major problem in India since many years and affected many people physically and mentally. Most of the young age people, who have a professional degree, have to struggle for a good and suitable job for themselves due to under developed and inefficient education system and lack of vacancies in relevant sectors of major companies in India.
Causes and Affects:
Various causes are existed behind the failure of a person in getting a better job for him or her like:
First of all the overpopulation of country, which brings the competition in all professional sectors.
Ineffective education system, which fails in the proper development of a student as a professional employee with complete knowledge including theoretical information and practical experiences.
Under developed rural areas from where people are moving towards the developed urban areas for finding a job or other professional career.
Underdeveloped business sectors which are still not an attraction for students as a working place like agriculture field and cottage industries.
Due to recession in major sector of business firms, the situation of removal of employees and unemployment occurs.
Underemployment is the second version of unemployment which occurs in that situation when people fail to get a job of their own choice and have to compromise in terms of low salary or low level job according to their qualifications.
Effects and Results of unemployment:
Firstly unemployment becomes the reason of downfall of a country in terms of its economical situation and also encourages the criminal affairs. Due to being unemployed people are forced to take wrong decisions for the survival of family. Some time they got trapped in criminal occurrence and sometime went into a deep mental depression. The hazardous results come in case of unemployment when victim person or his/her family members are forced to commit suicide due to the poor financial condition of family because of unemployment.
Conclusion:
In the end we can say that unemployment is a real problem. We know its causes, we know its remedies, therefore. It becomes the constitutional obligation of the government should make plans to solve this problem.
Unemployment is a worldwide curse. It is recognized as the mother of courtliness ills. It encourages dishonesty, corruption and falsehood. It develops dark side of human character. There are different causes of unemployment like poverty, over population, in-effective education system and industrial development. Similarly there are various steps to check this giant problem. No doubt the government is fully aware of this problem but the quick remedies are needed to check this problem.
Poverty is the main cause of this evil. Broadly speaking it is difficult to expect truth, nobility and honesty from a person who cannot have two square meals a day. He loses sense of self-dignity as he has no sense of security. He is worried about his survival rather than morality. Therefore, poverty is a great danger to the state.
The rapid growth of population is another cause of unemployment. Along with the growing population this problem has also developed. It demand s a quick check. Unemployed people are always dangerous to the security of the state.
“It is better to employ people to dig holes and fill them rather than not to employ them at all”.
Our education system is also defective. It produces a large number of students who are taught purely literary of theoretical education. There is hardly any provision of technical or vocational education. This drawback makes the students dislike the manual work. Therefore, majority rushes to the cities and increases unemployment.
Lack of interest in industrialization is also a cause of unemployment. Industrial units provide employment to both educated and uneducated people. Therefore, we should encourage industrialization.
Our social system is another cause of unemployment. In our society many depend upon few. It has been observed that majority of family members are dependents. This trend has given rise to unemployment.
Unemployment has now become such a dangerous economic. Social and political problem that it has endangered the security of the country. The law and order situation in the country has also been affected. Therefore complete programme is required.
First step should be to revise the social system of our country. More skilled persons can be trained to help their families. This would be a good help to remove unemployment.
Our faulty education system requires a complete overhauling. We have to take full advantages from science and technology to cure this problem. All the people should be trained so that the cities should not be overcrowded because it results in unemployment.
Industrial development can also relieve us from the miseries of unemployment. There is no lack of manpower, cheap, labor, raw materials and mineral resources in our country, but the misfortune is that they are not scientifically used for the benefit of common people.
Essay On Unemployment In Pakistan Causes, Solution, The problem of unemployment on a vast scale, is a world phenomenon. It is not confined to Pakistan or developing countries along but certainly it is more serious and pronounced in developing and under developing countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America. Pakistan is the largest country in terms of population and manpower but because of the lack of proper opportunities for employment there is a huge waste of manpower. There are skilled, intelligent and trained hands but there is no suitable job for them. Unemployment causes frustration, indiscipline and crimes among people. Because of increasing unemployment there is appalling poverty, social evils and crimes. In Pakistan, the chronic problem of unemployment is widespread. There are thousands of men and women waiting for employment in cities and villages. There is huge unemployment among educated, trained and skilled people.
The two main and important reasons of this chronic and unmanageable unemployment problem are rapidly ever increasing population and defective education system. With such a huge population, Pakistan finds it difficult to make any significant success in the areas of employment, alleviation of poverty and backwardness. The parents spend huge sum of money on the education and training of their children. The students spare no efforts in successful completion of their courses and trainings and yet the jobs prove elusive because of our defective education system.
This is factual but sad commentary on our present education and training system and institutions. We need urgently a system of vocation education which is both competitive and make friendly. About 80 percent of educational institutions are under the government. Our schools and technical institutes do not equip the students properly to suit the market demands. The circular is outdated and sometimes even irrelevant. In this age of globalization, we need fundamental structural changes in our entire education system for improving the unemployment problem. In the final conclusion, education for its own sake it not desirable. It should be for employment and earning. As such, higher education in many cases is simply a waste valuable resource which a developing country like Pakistan can hardly afford. The indiscriminate expansion of education at college and higher levels should be discouraged. It is important that more attention should be given to elementary and secondary education. In short, we can say that the problem of unemployment in Pakistan can only be reduced if Pakistani government take proper measures.
Unemployment is one of the major crises in India which is affecting several people residing here especially to the youth generation. This major problem needs full attention of government along with citizens of country in equal manner so that we can prevent or end this issue completely from our country.
Many social issues have been raising head in our country in which unemployment is one of the major issues of concern among them. The person who is searching for a job according to his or her qualification and requirement but does not able to find it then he or she will come in category of unemployed person. Crisis of unemployment exists in India due to the increased population and less number of job vacancies, people are more and jobs are less in India. Several sectors have limited seats for hiring people like manufacturing plants and IT companies including government sectors too. Unemployment has been the biggest reason for other major issues in India like poverty, financial crises, increased crime and non development of society.
Now a day, in India unemployment is believed as biggest curse for youths, who are well educated and high degree holder but still could not get success in finding a suitable job for themselves. India is the underdeveloped country and trying to overcome various social issues existed here since many years, unemployment is one of them and is still becoming the reason for non development of nation.
Increased population, recession in individual business sector, less number of jobs, corruption and competition among youths are the main reason of unemployment. The inferiority feeling due to unemployment affects the person and his family completely by physical and mental level and forces them to take wrong decisions about themselves. Sometime, the financial crisis due to unemployment triggers victim people to commit suicide. Issue of unemployment affects especially those youth population of country who has completed their education from higher education colleges or institutes after spending a huge amount of money but could not be able to get a suitable job for them.
Though rate of unemployment has been decreased in recent years but still demands a special attention by government of India in manner to provide more jobs for deserving and aspiring people. Control in population, development of rural areas, and by promoting youths to make career in various non famous sectors including agricultural, we can get success in removing the problem of unemployment from our country.
Unemployment is the situation of those people who are willing to do a job but could not be able to get it according to their requirement and qualifications. Many people mostly youth population are facing this problem since many years in India as increased population stands the situation of competition all around. Mostly people are attracted towards the same profession which has limited availability of employment thus the situation of unemployment arise. Lack of interest of people towards agricultural and industrial sectors lead the situation of unemployment. People who are suffering from the crisis of unemployment have to face various problems like physical and mental harassment and depression, social abuse, forced to choose or accept the wrong way of getting money in form of crime and violence, or sometime the hazardous results come in the form of suicide commitment by people due to being unemployed.
Solutions can be find out for handling this major problem of unemployment in India by doing some kind of efforts through government and the responsible citizens of India. Development of education system should be in such manner that student would get practical and technical knowledge while pursuing the professional studies from any professional educational institutes along with the opportunity of college campus selection for getting good job opportunity. Industrial and agricultural sector should be promoted and modified by government in manner to attract people as a desiring working area.
Without doing some efforts, we cannot think of getting success in any field and this is proved in matter of the major issue of unemployment too. In spite of letting unemployment be the reason for down fall of the country, we should handle this issue in such manner that everyone gets a suitable job and helps in increasing the economy of country.
Unemployment, the major concern, which is becoming the biggest barrier in development of our country, needs a strict and proper attention by all sectors of India including government or non government organizations. Unemployment has been the major problem in India since many years and affected many people physically and mentally. Most of the young age people, who have a professional degree, have to struggle for a good and suitable job for themselves due to under developed and inefficient education system and lack of vacancies in relevant sectors of major companies in India.
Causes and Affects:
Various causes are existed behind the failure of a person in getting a better job for him or her like:
First of all the overpopulation of country, which brings the competition in all professional sectors.
Ineffective education system, which fails in the proper development of a student as a professional employee with complete knowledge including theoretical information and practical experiences.
Under developed rural areas from where people are moving towards the developed urban areas for finding a job or other professional career.
Underdeveloped business sectors which are still not an attraction for students as a working place like agriculture field and cottage industries.
Due to recession in major sector of business firms, the situation of removal of employees and unemployment occurs.
Underemployment is the second version of unemployment which occurs in that situation when people fail to get a job of their own choice and have to compromise in terms of low salary or low level job according to their qualifications.
Effects and Results of unemployment:
Firstly unemployment becomes the reason of downfall of a country in terms of its economical situation and also encourages the criminal affairs. Due to being unemployed people are forced to take wrong decisions for the survival of family. Some time they got trapped in criminal occurrence and sometime went into a deep mental depression. The hazardous results come in case of unemployment when victim person or his/her family members are forced to commit suicide due to the poor financial condition of family because of unemployment.
Conclusion:
In the end we can say that unemployment is a real problem. We know its causes, we know its remedies, therefore. It becomes the constitutional obligation of the government should make plans to solve this problem.
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